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What the label does not tell you
Most of what is written about research peptides online is sales copy with numbers that have no source behind them. These pages explain what the measurements actually mean, what they cannot tell you, and which figures in this corner of the market are convention rather than standard.
Why 99% pure does not mean 99% peptide
The single most misread number on a certificate. A vial can be truthfully labelled 99% pure and still be less than three quarters peptide by weight.
HPLC and mass spectrometry: what each one proves
One answers how clean it is. The other answers what it is. A certificate with only one of them has left half the question open.
Reading the certificate that came with your vial
Nine things to check, in the order that catches problems fastest. The first one eliminates most of them.
Lyophilised powder, water, and the cold chain
Why peptides arrive as a dry cake, what happens chemically when that changes, and which of the storage numbers you see quoted actually rest on anything.
What "research use only" actually means
Not a disclaimer bolted on for safety. It describes what the material is, what has not been established about it, and what nobody is allowed to tell you.
Telling a supplier from a reseller
Most shops in this market buy the same material from the same few places. What separates them is what they can tell you about it.